The adrenal
gland is a pair of triangular shaped glands, attached to the top
of each kidney. The outer part is called the adrenal
cortex and the inner part is called the adrenal medulla.
Parts of the Adrenal Gland
Each part of the adrenal gland uses the
following hormones:
Adrenal Cortex
- aldosterone - regulates the salt and water balance in the
body, as well as maintain proper blood pressure; it is the
prinicpal mineralocorticoid.
- cortisol - regulates inflammatory response of immune
system; regulates metabolism and manages effects of insulin
in metabolism; maintains sense of well being; also helps
maintain blood pressure; it is the principal glucocorticoid.
- gonadocorticoids (sex hormones) - does not usually have a
significant effect as the hormones from the gonads are
stronger.
Adrenal Medulla
The adrenal medulla produces the hormones
epinephrine and norepinephrine. Epinephrine is also called
adrenaline. Epinephrine is released during stressful
situations, causing an increase in blood pressure and heart
rate.